Turkey/Society

Society in Turkey

An overview of key social indicators. Select a category for detailed trends, charts, and insights.

Explore Social Domains

Demographics

Coming Soon
Population
85.3M(2023)
Population Growth
0.4%(2023)
Fertility Rate
1.51(2023)
Death Rate
6.2 per 1k(2023)
Net Migration
-276K(2024)

Public Health

Coming Soon
Life Expectancy
77.2 years(2023)
Under-5 Mortality
12.8 per 1k(2023)
Maternal Mortality
15 per 100k(2023)
Health Expenditure
3.7%(2022)

Education & Human Capital

Coming Soon
Literacy Rate
97%(2019)
Primary Enrollment
87.9%(2017)
Secondary Enrollment
116%(2022)
Tertiary Enrollment
127.6(2022)
Education Expenditure
2.6%(2022)

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Coming Soon
Internet Users
87.3%(2024)
Access to Electricity
100%(2023)
Access to Basic Drinking Water
97%(2022)
Urban Population
66.1M(2023)
Rural Population
19.2M(2023)

Current Social Overview of Turkey

A summary based on key social and demographic indicators.

  • Turkey has an estimated population of 85.3M
    2023
    , with a modest annual growth rate of 0.4%
    2023
    , suggesting a mature demographic transition with stable, but limitated, population increase. A below-replacement fertility rate of 1.5 births per woman
    2023
    suggests gradual population aging and potential future workforce shortages. Net emigration of approximately 276K individuals annually (or 3.2 per 1,000 inhabitants)
    2024
    adds pressure to demographic transitions and workforce sustainability.
  • Regarding public health, the country maintains a reasonable health standard with a life expectancy of 77.2 years
    2023
    , though there is scope for further improvements to achieve higher global benchmarks. Concurrently, maternal and child health indicators show solid progress, with child mortality (under 5 years) at 12.8 per 1,000 live births
    2023
    and maternal mortality at 15 per 100,000 live births
    2023
    , indicating improving but still developing services. These outcomes are supported by limited healthcare spending, at 3.7% of GDP
    2022
    , which may constrain comprehensive health system improvements and the attainment of higher health outcomes.
  • Strong educational foundations are evident in the high adult literacy rate of 97%
    2019
    , which significantly contributes to human capital development. Complementing this, educational access shows solid progress through 88% primary enrollment
    2017
    and 116% secondary participation rates
    2022
    . This educational framework is supported by limited educational investment, at 2.6% of GDP
    2022
    , which may constrain the scale and quality of future human capital development initiatives.
  • In terms of infrastructure and connectivity, the predominantly urban character, with 77% urban population
    2023
    , supports modern economic structures while maintaining important rural-urban linkages. Furthermore, infrastructure development shows strong progress with 100% electricity access
    2023
    and 87% internet penetration
    2024
    , supporting ongoing modernization efforts and enhancing quality of life.

Key Development Insights

Population Dynamics

The combination of low fertility and net emigration poses significant long-term risks to workforce sustainability and economic vitality.

Public Health System

Public health outcomes are a core indicator of national development and quality of life. Access to healthcare is essential for sustainable growth.

Human Capital Formation

A highly educated populace positions the nation for success in the global knowledge economy. Keeping talent is a vital strength.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

A highly urbanized, digitally connected society creates a strong foundation for service-based industries and global market access.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.