Russia/Society

Society in Russia

An overview of key social indicators. Select a category for detailed trends, charts, and insights.

Explore Social Domains

Demographics

Coming Soon
Population
143.8M(2023)
Population Growth
-0.3%(2023)
Fertility Rate
1.41(2023)
Death Rate
12.1 per 1k(2023)
Net Migration
-178K(2024)

Public Health

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Life Expectancy
73.3 years(2023)
Under-5 Mortality
4.5 per 1k(2023)
Maternal Mortality
9 per 100k(2023)
Health Expenditure (as share of GDP)
6.9%(2022)

Education & Human Capital

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Literacy Rate
100%(2021)
Primary Enrollment
95.1%(2017)
Secondary Enrollment
92.5%(2023)
Tertiary Enrollment
53.9(2022)
Education Expenditure (as share of GDP)
4.1%(2022)

Living Standards & Connectivity

Coming Soon
Internet Users
92.2%(2023)
Access to Electricity
100%(2023)
Access to Basic Drinking Water
97.1%(2022)
Urban Population
108.3M(2023)
Rural Population
35.5M(2023)

Current Snapshot Overview

A summary of key social and demographic indicators for Russia

  • Russia has an estimated population of 143.8M
    2023
    . The population exhibits near-stagnant growth at -0.3%
    2023
    , signaling potential demographic headwinds and an aging trend. The critically low fertility rate of 1.4 births per woman
    2023
    presents severe demographic challenges, including accelerated population aging and contraction, impacting economic and social systems. Net emigration of approximately 178K individuals annually (or 1.2 per 1,000 inhabitants)
    2024
    adds pressure to demographic transitions and workforce sustainability.
  • Regarding public health, the country maintains a reasonable health standard with a life expectancy of 73.3 years
    2023
    , though there is scope for further improvements to achieve higher global benchmarks. Concurrently, healthcare system effectiveness is further validated by favorable maternal and child health outcomes, reflected in a child mortality rate (under 5 years) of 4.5 per 1,000 live births
    2023
    and a maternal mortality rate of 9 per 100,000 live births
    2023
    . These outcomes are supported by a moderate commitment to health system development, with 6.9% of GDP directed to healthcare expenditure
    2022
    .
  • The country boasts exceptional educational attainment with a near-universal adult literacy rate of 100%
    2021
    , establishing a robust foundation for a knowledge-based economy. Complementing this, the educational pipeline demonstrates high efficiency with 95% primary enrollment
    2017
    and 92% secondary participation
    2023
    , ensuring comprehensive skill development and a prepared workforce. This educational framework is supported by moderate public support, with 4.1% of GDP allocated to public educational expenditure
    2022
    , reflecting a balanced approach to funding.
  • In terms of infrastructure and connectivity, the predominantly urban character, with 75% urban population
    2023
    , supports modern economic structures while maintaining important rural-urban linkages. Furthermore, infrastructure modernization is highly advanced, with near-universal electricity access and high digital connectivity (92% internet penetration
    2023
    ), strategically positioning the country for robust participation in the global digital economy.

Key Development Insights

Population Dynamics

The combination of low fertility and net emigration poses significant long-term risks to workforce sustainability and economic vitality.

Public Health System

Public health outcomes are a core indicator of national development and quality of life. Access to healthcare is essential for sustainable growth.

Human Capital Formation

A highly educated populace positions the nation for success in the global knowledge economy. Keeping talent is a vital strength.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

A highly urbanized, digitally connected society creates a strong foundation for service-based industries and global market access.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.