Poland/Society

Society in Poland

An overview of key social indicators. Select a category for detailed trends, charts, and insights.

Explore Social Domains

Demographics

Coming Soon
Population
36.7M(2023)
Population Growth
-0.4%(2023)
Fertility Rate
1.16(2023)
Death Rate
11.1 per 1k(2023)
Net Migration
-238.1K(2024)

Public Health

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Life Expectancy
78.5 years(2023)
Under-5 Mortality
4.4 per 1k(2023)
Maternal Mortality
2 per 100k(2023)
Health Expenditure (as share of GDP)
7%(2023)

Education & Human Capital

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Literacy Rate
99.8%(2021)
Primary Enrollment
95.8%(2017)
Secondary Enrollment
108.5%(2022)
Tertiary Enrollment
75.3(2022)
Education Expenditure (as share of GDP)
4.7%(2021)

Living Standards & Connectivity

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Internet Users
86.4%(2023)
Access to Electricity
100%(2023)
Access to Basic Drinking Water
90.4%(2022)
Urban Population
22.1M(2023)
Rural Population
14.6M(2023)

Current Snapshot Overview

A summary of key social and demographic indicators for Poland

  • Poland has an estimated population of 36.7M
    2023
    . The population exhibits near-stagnant growth at -0.4%
    2023
    , signaling potential demographic headwinds and an aging trend. The critically low fertility rate of 1.2 births per woman
    2023
    presents severe demographic challenges, including accelerated population aging and contraction, impacting economic and social systems. Substantial net emigration of approximately 238K individuals annually (or 6.5 per 1,000 inhabitants)
    2024
    exacerbates demographic challenges, potentially leading to 'brain drain' and diminished economic capacity.
  • Regarding public health, robust public health systems are evident in a strong life expectancy of 78.5 years
    2023
    , indicating effective healthcare delivery. Concurrently, healthcare system effectiveness is further validated by favorable maternal and child health outcomes, reflected in a child mortality rate (under 5 years) of 4.4 per 1,000 live births
    2023
    and a maternal mortality rate of 2 per 100,000 live births
    2023
    . These outcomes are supported by a moderate commitment to health system development, with 7.0% of GDP directed to healthcare expenditure
    2023
    .
  • The country boasts exceptional educational attainment with a near-universal adult literacy rate of 100%
    2021
    , establishing a robust foundation for a knowledge-based economy. Complementing this, the educational pipeline demonstrates high efficiency with 96% primary enrollment
    2017
    and 108% secondary participation
    2022
    , ensuring comprehensive skill development and a prepared workforce. This educational framework is supported by moderate public support, with 4.7% of GDP allocated to public educational expenditure
    2021
    , reflecting a balanced approach to funding.
  • In terms of infrastructure and connectivity, the predominantly urban character, with 60% urban population
    2023
    , supports modern economic structures while maintaining important rural-urban linkages. Furthermore, infrastructure development shows strong progress with 100% electricity access
    2023
    and 86% internet penetration
    2023
    , supporting ongoing modernization efforts and enhancing quality of life.

Key Development Insights

Population Dynamics

The combination of low fertility and net emigration poses significant long-term risks to workforce sustainability and economic vitality.

Public Health System

Sustained, high investment in healthcare underpins the country's excellent life expectancy and human development outcomes.

Human Capital Formation

A highly educated populace positions the nation for success in the global knowledge economy. Keeping talent is a vital strength.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Infrastructure shapes economic efficiency, urbanization patterns, and digital integration, being critical for modern economies.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.