The economic architecture of Egypt is substantial, anchored by a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of approximately $396B
2023
. This places it as the 39th largest economy out of 192 countries measured, underscoring its significance on the world stage. On a per capita basis, GDP stands at $3.46K
2023
, while its GDP adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is estimated at $2.12T, offering a clearer picture of the population's domestic purchasing power. The economy demonstrates solid, consistent growth, expanding at a healthy rate of 3.8%
2023
, though this rapid growth is shadowed by high inflation, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) reaching 28.3%, suggesting the economy may be overheating.
2024
On the global stage, Egypt's trade and financial dynamics reveal a complex interplay of international and domestic factors. The country exhibits a balanced trade profile, with exports making up 19.1% of GDP and imports 21.3%
2023
. The investment climate attracts significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), with inflows constituting 2.48% of the economy
2023
. This performance positions the country 75th globally out of 187 nations, confirming its status as a competitive destination for foreign capital. Furthermore, personal remittances from its diaspora are a vital component of the economy, amounting to a substantial $19.53B annually
2023
. The government operates under fiscal constraints, with a limited tax base that generates revenue equivalent to only 12.5% of GDP.
2015
The socio-economic landscape is characterized by a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of $3,840
2023
, ranking the nation 124th out of 191. This figure provides a comprehensive measure of the average income per person, reflecting the nation's overall economic well-being. The labor market remains stable, with an unemployment rate of 7.2%.
2024
A key feature of the workforce is its concentration in the services sector, which accounts for 52.7% of total employment
2023
. Despite its economic standing, poverty remains a salient issue, with 29.7% of the population living below the national poverty line
2019
. The country achieves a relatively equitable distribution of income, reflected in a low Gini index of 28.5.
2021
In the environmental and energy sectors, the nation's policies and outcomes reflect its developmental priorities. Energy consumption per capita stands at 900.373 kg of oil equivalent
2022
, a metric that often correlates with industrial activity and living standards. The energy portfolio remains heavily dependent on conventional sources, with renewables contributing a modest 6.1%
2021
. This commitment places it 36th among 191 countries, highlighting its relative progress in decarbonization. Total greenhouse gas emissions were last recorded at 335.97K tonnes of CO2 equivalent
2023
, a key factor in its national climate strategy and international obligations.

Key Economic Insights

Macroeconomic Health

Rampant inflation is the most urgent economic threat, eroding purchasing power, destabilizing markets, and complicating policy choices.

Trade & Investment Profile

Primarily fueled by domestic demand, the economy has a degree of insulation from global trade volatility but may miss export-led growth opportunities.

Social Equity & Distribution

Ensuring equitable distribution of economic gains is fundamental for long-term social and political stability.

Energy & Sustainability

A heavy dependence on fossil fuels poses significant long-term risks, including exposure to price volatility, energy insecurity, and climate change impacts.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.