Bosnia and Herzegovina/Society

Society in Bosnia and Herzegovina

An overview of key social indicators. Select a category for detailed trends, charts, and insights.

Explore Social Domains

Demographics

Coming Soon
Population
3.2M(2023)
Population Growth
-0.6%(2023)
Fertility Rate
1.49(2023)
Death Rate
13.5 per 1k(2023)
Net Migration
-4.5K(2024)

Public Health

Coming Soon
Life Expectancy
77.8 years(2023)
Under-5 Mortality
6 per 1k(2023)
Maternal Mortality
6 per 100k(2023)
Health Expenditure
8.7%(2022)

Education & Human Capital

Coming Soon
Literacy Rate
98.3%(2022)
Secondary Enrollment
84.3%(2023)
Tertiary Enrollment
45(2023)
Education Expenditure
4.1%(2021)

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Coming Soon
Internet Users
83.4%(2023)
Access to Electricity
100%(2023)
Access to Basic Drinking Water
96.1%(2022)
Urban Population
1.6M(2023)
Rural Population
1.6M(2023)

Current Social Overview of Bosnia and Herzegovina

A summary based on key social and demographic indicators.

  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an estimated population of 3.2M
    2023
    . The country is confronting significant population decline, with a negative growth rate of -0.6%
    2023
    , posing long-term challenges for workforce sustainability and social security systems. The critically low fertility rate of 1.5 births per woman
    2023
    presents severe demographic challenges, including accelerated population aging and contraction, impacting economic and social systems. Net emigration of approximately 4K individuals annually (or 1.4 per 1,000 inhabitants)
    2024
    adds pressure to demographic transitions and workforce sustainability.
  • Regarding public health, the country maintains a reasonable health standard with a life expectancy of 77.8 years
    2023
    , though there is scope for further improvements to achieve higher global benchmarks. Concurrently, healthcare system effectiveness is further validated by favorable maternal and child health outcomes, reflected in a child mortality rate (under 5 years) of 6.0 per 1,000 live births
    2023
    and a maternal mortality rate of 6 per 100,000 live births
    2023
    . These outcomes are supported by a moderate commitment to health system development, with 8.7% of GDP directed to healthcare expenditure
    2022
    .
  • The country boasts exceptional educational attainment with a near-universal adult literacy rate of 98%
    2022
    , establishing a robust foundation for a knowledge-based economy.Secondary education observes 84% participation
    2023
    , indicating progression rates beyond primary levels. This educational framework is supported by moderate public support, with 4.1% of GDP allocated to public educational expenditure
    2021
    , reflecting a balanced approach to funding.
  • In terms of infrastructure and connectivity, a still balanced urban-rural distribution (50% urban population
    2023
    ) creates diverse economic opportunities but necessitates coordinated infrastructure development to bridge potential disparities. Furthermore, infrastructure development shows strong progress with 100% electricity access
    2023
    and 83% internet penetration
    2023
    , supporting ongoing modernization efforts and enhancing quality of life.

Key Development Insights

Population Dynamics

The combination of low fertility and net emigration poses significant long-term risks to workforce sustainability and economic vitality.

Public Health System

Public health outcomes are a core indicator of national development and quality of life. Access to healthcare is essential for sustainable growth.

Human Capital Formation

Educational attainment is a direct driver of economic innovation and global competitiveness. Investment in education is key to unlocking human potential.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Infrastructure shapes economic efficiency, urbanization patterns, and digital integration, being critical for modern economies.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.