India/Society

Society in India

An overview of key social indicators. Select a category for detailed trends, charts, and insights.

Explore Social Domains

Demographics

Coming Soon
Population
1.4B(2023)
Population Growth
0.9%(2023)
Fertility Rate
1.98(2023)
Death Rate
6.6 per 1k(2023)
Net Migration
-630.8K(2024)

Public Health

Coming Soon
Life Expectancy
72.0 years(2023)
Under-5 Mortality
27.7 per 1k(2023)
Maternal Mortality
80 per 100k(2023)
Health Expenditure (as share of GDP)
3.3%(2022)

Education & Human Capital

Coming Soon
Literacy Rate
77%(2023)
Primary Enrollment
92.3%(2013)
Secondary Enrollment
78.9%(2023)
Tertiary Enrollment
33.1(2023)
Education Expenditure (as share of GDP)
4.1%(2022)

Living Standards & Connectivity

Coming Soon
Internet Users
55.9%(2022)
Access to Electricity
99.5%(2023)
Access to Basic Drinking Water
93.3%(2022)
Urban Population
522.9M(2023)
Rural Population
915.1M(2023)

Current Snapshot Overview

A summary of key social and demographic indicators for India

  • India has an estimated population of 1.4B
    2023
    , with a modest annual growth rate of 0.9%
    2023
    , suggesting a mature demographic transition with stable, but limitated, population increase. A below-replacement fertility rate of 2.0 births per woman
    2023
    suggests gradual population aging and potential future workforce shortages. Net emigration is relatively minor, impacting the population by approximately 631K individuals annually (or -0.4 per 1,000 inhabitants)
    2024
    .
  • Regarding public health, the country maintains a reasonable health standard with a life expectancy of 72.0 years
    2023
    , though there is scope for further improvements to achieve higher global benchmarks. Concurrently, maternal and child health indicators show solid progress, with child mortality (under 5 years) at 27.7 per 1,000 live births
    2023
    and maternal mortality at 80 per 100,000 live births
    2023
    , indicating improving but still developing services. These outcomes are supported by limited healthcare spending, at 3.3% of GDP
    2022
    , which may constrain comprehensive health system improvements and the attainment of higher health outcomes.
  • Educational progress is reflected in a literacy rate of 77%
    2023
    , though continued efforts are needed to achieve universal literacy and enhance foundational skills. Complementing this, educational access shows solid progress through 92% primary enrollment
    2013
    and 79% secondary participation rates
    2023
    . This educational framework is supported by moderate public support, with 4.1% of GDP allocated to public educational expenditure
    2022
    , reflecting a balanced approach to funding.
  • In terms of infrastructure and connectivity, the primarily rural population distribution (64% rural population
    2023
    ) presents distinct challenges for universal infrastructure provision, service access, and economic modernization. Furthermore, basic infrastructure coverage includes 100% electricity access
    2023
    . However, digital connectivity at {currentInternet}% internet penetration
    2022
    indicates significant opportunities for further digital transformation and economic inclusion.

Key Development Insights

Population Dynamics

Managing demographic trends is crucial for long-term economic planning and workforce stability.

Public Health System

Public health outcomes are a core indicator of national development and quality of life. Access to healthcare is essential for sustainable growth.

Human Capital Formation

Improving foundational literacy and secondary school completion is a critical priority for unlocking future economic potential.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Infrastructure shapes economic efficiency, urbanization patterns, and digital integration, being critical for modern economies.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.