Latvia/Society

Society in Latvia

An overview of key social indicators. Select a category for detailed trends, charts, and insights.

Explore Social Domains

Demographics

Coming Soon
Population
1.9M(2023)
Population Growth
-0.1%(2023)
Fertility Rate
1.36(2023)
Death Rate
14.9 per 1k(2023)
Net Migration
-2.2K(2024)

Public Health

Coming Soon
Life Expectancy
75.7 years(2023)
Under-5 Mortality
3 per 1k(2023)
Maternal Mortality
19 per 100k(2023)
Health Expenditure
7.6%(2022)

Education & Human Capital

Coming Soon
Literacy Rate
99.9%(2021)
Primary Enrollment
96.3%(2017)
Secondary Enrollment
104.8%(2022)
Tertiary Enrollment
91.3(2022)
Education Expenditure
4.6%(2021)

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Coming Soon
Internet Users
92.2%(2023)
Access to Electricity
100%(2023)
Access to Basic Drinking Water
98.9%(2022)
Urban Population
1.3M(2023)
Rural Population
588.2K(2023)

Current Social Overview of Latvia

A summary based on key social and demographic indicators.

  • Latvia has an estimated population of 1.9M
    2023
    . The population exhibits near-stagnant growth at -0.1%
    2023
    , signaling potential demographic headwinds and an aging trend. The critically low fertility rate of 1.4 births per woman
    2023
    presents severe demographic challenges, including accelerated population aging and contraction, impacting economic and social systems. Net emigration of approximately 2K individuals annually (or 1.2 per 1,000 inhabitants)
    2024
    adds pressure to demographic transitions and workforce sustainability.
  • Regarding public health, the country maintains a reasonable health standard with a life expectancy of 75.7 years
    2023
    , though there is scope for further improvements to achieve higher global benchmarks. Concurrently, healthcare system effectiveness is further validated by favorable maternal and child health outcomes, reflected in a child mortality rate (under 5 years) of 3.0 per 1,000 live births
    2023
    and a maternal mortality rate of 19 per 100,000 live births
    2023
    . These outcomes are supported by a moderate commitment to health system development, with 7.6% of GDP directed to healthcare expenditure
    2022
    .
  • The country boasts exceptional educational attainment with a near-universal adult literacy rate of 100%
    2021
    , establishing a robust foundation for a knowledge-based economy. Complementing this, the educational pipeline demonstrates high efficiency with 96% primary enrollment
    2017
    and 105% secondary participation
    2022
    , ensuring comprehensive skill development and a prepared workforce. This educational framework is supported by moderate public support, with 4.6% of GDP allocated to public educational expenditure
    2021
    , reflecting a balanced approach to funding.
  • In terms of infrastructure and connectivity, the predominantly urban character, with 69% urban population
    2023
    , supports modern economic structures while maintaining important rural-urban linkages. Furthermore, infrastructure modernization is highly advanced, with near-universal electricity access and high digital connectivity (92% internet penetration
    2023
    ), strategically positioning the country for robust participation in the global digital economy.

Key Development Insights

Population Dynamics

The combination of low fertility and net emigration poses significant long-term risks to workforce sustainability and economic vitality.

Public Health System

Public health outcomes are a core indicator of national development and quality of life. Access to healthcare is essential for sustainable growth.

Human Capital Formation

A highly educated populace positions the nation for success in the global knowledge economy. Keeping talent is a vital strength.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Infrastructure shapes economic efficiency, urbanization patterns, and digital integration, being critical for modern economies.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.