Cuba/Society

Society in Cuba

An overview of key social indicators. Select a category for detailed trends, charts, and insights.

Explore Social Domains

Demographics

Coming Soon
Population
11M(2023)
Population Growth
-0.4%(2023)
Fertility Rate
1.44(2023)
Death Rate
10.1 per 1k(2023)
Net Migration
-22.4K(2024)

Public Health

Coming Soon
Life Expectancy
78.1 years(2023)
Under-5 Mortality
8.3 per 1k(2023)
Maternal Mortality
35 per 100k(2023)
Health Expenditure
11.8%(2022)

Education & Human Capital

Coming Soon
Literacy Rate
99.7%(2021)
Primary Enrollment
97.7%(2018)
Secondary Enrollment
95.4%(2023)
Tertiary Enrollment
48.9(2023)
Education Expenditure
9.4%(2021)

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Coming Soon
Internet Users
71.3%(2023)
Access to Electricity
100%(2023)
Access to Basic Drinking Water
94.7%(2022)
Urban Population
8.5M(2023)
Rural Population
2.5M(2023)

Current Social Overview of Cuba

A summary based on key social and demographic indicators.

  • Cuba has an estimated population of 11.0M
    2023
    . The population exhibits near-stagnant growth at -0.4%
    2023
    , signaling potential demographic headwinds and an aging trend. The critically low fertility rate of 1.4 births per woman
    2023
    presents severe demographic challenges, including accelerated population aging and contraction, impacting economic and social systems. Net emigration of approximately 22K individuals annually (or 2.0 per 1,000 inhabitants)
    2024
    adds pressure to demographic transitions and workforce sustainability.
  • Regarding public health, robust public health systems are evident in a strong life expectancy of 78.1 years
    2023
    , indicating effective healthcare delivery. Concurrently, maternal and child health indicators show solid progress, with child mortality (under 5 years) at 8.3 per 1,000 live births
    2023
    and maternal mortality at 35 per 100,000 live births
    2023
    , indicating improving but still developing services. These outcomes are supported by a substantial health investment, with 11.8% of GDP allocated to healthcare expenditure
    2022
    .
  • The country boasts exceptional educational attainment with a near-universal adult literacy rate of 100%
    2021
    , establishing a robust foundation for a knowledge-based economy. Complementing this, the educational pipeline demonstrates high efficiency with 98% primary enrollment
    2018
    and 95% secondary participation
    2023
    , ensuring comprehensive skill development and a prepared workforce. This educational framework is supported by robust public investment, with 9.4% of GDP dedicated to education spending
    2021
    , underscoring a strong commitment to human capital development.
  • In terms of infrastructure and connectivity, the predominantly urban character, with 78% urban population
    2023
    , supports modern economic structures while maintaining important rural-urban linkages. Furthermore, infrastructure development shows strong progress with 100% electricity access
    2023
    and 71% internet penetration
    2023
    , supporting ongoing modernization efforts and enhancing quality of life.

Key Development Insights

Population Dynamics

The combination of low fertility and net emigration poses significant long-term risks to workforce sustainability and economic vitality.

Public Health System

Sustained, high investment in healthcare underpins the country's excellent life expectancy and human development outcomes.

Human Capital Formation

A highly educated populace positions the nation for success in the global knowledge economy. Keeping talent is a vital strength.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Infrastructure shapes economic efficiency, urbanization patterns, and digital integration, being critical for modern economies.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.