The economic architecture of Bulgaria is substantial, anchored by a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of approximately $102.41B
2023
. This places it as the 68th largest economy out of 191 countries measured, underscoring its significance on the world stage. On a per capita basis, GDP stands at $15.89K
2023
, while its GDP adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is estimated at $241.8B, offering a clearer picture of the population's domestic purchasing power. The economy is navigating a period of modest growth, recorded at 1.9%
2023
, accompanied by a stable price environment, with inflation (CPI) contained at 2.4%.
2024
On the global stage, Bulgaria's trade and financial dynamics reveal a complex interplay of international and domestic factors. The country exhibits a balanced trade profile, with exports making up 61.9% of GDP and imports 57.8%
2023
. The investment climate attracts significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), with inflows constituting 3.96% of the economy
2023
. This performance positions the country 48th globally out of 186 nations, confirming its status as a competitive destination for foreign capital. Furthermore, personal remittances from its diaspora are a vital component of the economy, amounting to a substantial $2.35B annually
2023
. Fiscal capacity is adequate, with tax collections representing 20.5% of GDP, supporting core state functions.
2023
The socio-economic landscape is characterized by a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of $14,280
2023
, ranking the nation 58th out of 190. This figure provides a comprehensive measure of the average income per person, reflecting the nation's overall economic well-being. The labor market remains stable, with an unemployment rate of 4.1%.
2024
A key feature of the workforce is its concentration in the services sector, which accounts for 64.7% of total employment
2023
. Despite its economic standing, poverty remains a salient issue, with 20.6% of the population living below the national poverty line
2022
. The nation exhibits a moderate degree of income inequality, with a Gini index of 38.2.
2022
In the environmental and energy sectors, the nation's policies and outcomes reflect its developmental priorities. Energy consumption per capita stands at 2,888.485 kg of oil equivalent
2022
, a metric that often correlates with industrial activity and living standards. A significant commitment to sustainability is evident, with renewable energy accounting for 20.4% of consumption
2021
. This commitment places it 87th among 190 countries, highlighting its relative progress in decarbonization. Total greenhouse gas emissions were last recorded at 53.37K tonnes of CO2 equivalent
2023
, a key factor in its national climate strategy and international obligations.

Key Economic Insights

Macroeconomic Health

Balancing growth, inflation, and employment remains the core challenge for economic stewardship.

Trade & Investment Profile

The orientation towards global trade and foreign investment is a defining feature of the economic landscape.

Social Equity & Distribution

Ensuring equitable distribution of economic gains is fundamental for long-term social and political stability.

Energy & Sustainability

The transition to a sustainable energy framework is paramount for mitigating climate risk and securing future energy needs.

More About This Country

Neighbors & Regional Peers

Note: The information on this page has been compiled from authoritative sources. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, please note that some figures may not be current or entirely precise.